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Grammatical article in English

The () is a grammatical article in English, cogent persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. The is the most frequently used word in the English language language; studies and analyses of texts have institute it to account for vii percentage of all printed English language-language words.^[1] It is derived from gendered manufactures in Quondam English which combined in Middle English and now has a unmarried form used with pronouns of any gender.^[a] The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter of the alphabet. This is different from many other languages, which accept different forms of the definite article for dissimilar genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant audio, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed past a vowel sound or used every bit an emphatic form.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English language accept an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and utilise /ðə/, even earlier a vowel.^{[three] [four]}

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the adept", non only "an" good in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Use of articles". The, as in phrases like "the more the ameliorate", has a distinct origin and etymology and by chance has evolved to exist identical to the definite article.^[5]

Article

The and that are mutual developments from the same Old English system. Old English had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Center English, these had all merged into þe, the ancestor of the Modern English language word the.^[vi]

Geographic usage

An area in which the use or non-utilize of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, isle groups (archipelagoes) and and so on – are more often than not used with a "the" definite commodity (the Rhine, the N Body of water, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements generally practice non accept a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Austria (but the Democracy of Republic of austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the Canton of York), Madrid).
• beginning with a common noun followed by of may take the article, as in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, but the Academy of Cambridge.
• Some identify names include an article, such every bit the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Village (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West End, the E Cease, The Hague, or the Urban center of London (but London). Formerly due east.k. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[seven]
• mostly described singular names, the N Island (New Zealand) or the W Country (England), take an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, most exclude "the" but in that location are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective common nouns such as "kingdom", "republic", "union", etc.: the Cardinal African Republic, the Dominican Republic, the United States, the Britain, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including virtually country full names:^{[8] [9]} the Czech Democracy (but Czechia), the Russia (but Russian federation), the Principality of Monaco (simply Monaco), the State of Israel (merely State of israel) and the Democracy of Australia (but Australia).^{[10] [11] [12]}
• countries in a plural substantive: holland, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Republic of the maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Singular derivations from "island" or "country" that agree administrative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Isle – do non take a "the" definite article.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, even for atypical, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[xiii] This usage is in turn down, The Gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentina is considered former-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to every bit the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th century, but this is considered wrong and maybe offensive in modern usage.^[fourteen] Sudan (just the Republic of the Sudan) and South Sudan (but the Republic of South Sudan) are written nowadays without the commodity.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the well-nigh frequently used words in English, at various times brusque abbreviations for it have been institute:

• Barred thorn: the primeval abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the Old English language language. It is the letter þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript due east or t) announced in Heart English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are adult from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early Modernistic manuscripts and in print (run into Ye class).

Occasional proposals take been made past individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to stand for "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English, the (þe) was oftentimes abbreviated as a þ with a small eastward above information technology, similar to the abbreviation for that, which was a þ with a small t in a higher place information technology. During the latter Middle English and Early Modern English periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. As a outcome, the apply of a y with an eastward above it () as an abbreviation became common. This can nevertheless be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such as Romans 15:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y audio, even when then written.

The discussion "The" itself, capitalised, is used equally an abbreviation in Democracy countries for the honorific title "The Correct Honourable", every bit in due east.thousand. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", brusque for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[16]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Letter of the alphabet Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh Academy Press. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 11 March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to use".
9. ^ "FAO Country Profiles". www.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN Earth Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. 8–nine. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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